Table 2 A summary table of the GAMMs on the pitch values at the six time points of the twelve vowels of all the speakers in Hillenbrand et al. (1995)

f0 ~ s(Time_Points, k=5)
Parametric coefficients:
	Estimate	Std. Error	t value	Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept)	196.6	0.5	377.80	0.001*
Approximate significance of smooth terms:
	edf	Ref.df	F	p-value
s(Time_Points)	2.6	2.9	19.26	0.001*
R-sq.(adj)=0.00549, Deviance explained=0.575%
fREML=53,759, Scale est.=2,711.3, n=10,008, *p<.05