Table 6. Confusion matrix for each talker group in the /i/ vowel context. The first number in each cell represents the percentage of trials for that target given that response. Cells with responses less than 5% were removed for clarity. The second number, in parentheses, is the mean goodness rating
Naïve | Response | Novice L2 | Response |
Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ | Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ |
/ʨ/ | 36.5 (2.86) | 57.3 (2.58) | | | | /ʨ/ | 29.2 (2.89) | 58.3 (2.48) | 7.3 (2.57) | 5.2 (2.20) | |
/ʨʰ/ | | 93.8 (2.91) | | | | /ʨʰ/ | 5.2 (2.00) | 89.6 (3.00) | | | |
/ʨ*/ | 17.7 (2.24) | | 78.1 (3.11) | | | /ʨ*/ | 21.9 (2.48) | 7.3 (0.71) | 70.8 (3.24) | | |
/sh/ | | 8.3 (2.00) | | 43.8 (3.12) | 46.9 (3.16) | /sh/ | | | | 46.9 (3.02) | 49.0 (3.15) |
/s*/ | | | | 46.9 (3.24) | 53.1 (3.18) | /s*/ | | | | 40.6 (2.67) | 58.3 (3.14) |
Advanced L2 | Response | L1 Korean | Response |
Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ | Target | /ʨ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʨ*/ | /sh/ | /s*/ |
/ʨ/ | 50.0 (2.85) | 39.6 (2.21) | 9.4 (2.89) | | | /ʨ/ | 69.8 (3.18) | 20.8 (2.60) | 8.3 (1.62) | | |
/ʨʰ/ | 6.3 (2.17) | 89.6 (2.99) | | | | /ʨʰ/ | 8.3 (1.75) | 91.7 (3.25) | | | |
/ʨ*/ | 10.4 (3.00) | | 84.4 (3.12) | | | /ʨ*/ | | | 96.9 (3.31) | | |
/sh/ | | | | 58.3 (3.18) | 39.6 (2.97) | /sh/ | | | | 66.7 (3.34) | 32.3 (2.81) |
/s*/ | | | | 55.2 (3.08) | 40.6 (2.69) | /s*/ | | | | 40.6 (3.10) | 58.3 (3.62) |
L2, second language; L1, native.