Table 6. Confusion matrix for each talker group in the /i/ vowel context. The first number in each cell represents the percentage of trials for that target given that response. Cells with responses less than 5% were removed for clarity. The second number, in parentheses, is the mean goodness rating

Naïve Response Novice L2 Response
Target /ʨ/ /ʨʰ/ /ʨ*/ /sh/ /s*/ Target /ʨ/ /ʨʰ/ /ʨ*/ /sh/ /s*/
/ʨ/ 36.5 (2.86) 57.3 (2.58) /ʨ/ 29.2 (2.89) 58.3 (2.48) 7.3 (2.57) 5.2 (2.20)
/ʨʰ/ 93.8 (2.91) /ʨʰ/ 5.2 (2.00) 89.6 (3.00)
/ʨ*/ 17.7 (2.24) 78.1 (3.11) /ʨ*/ 21.9 (2.48) 7.3 (0.71) 70.8 (3.24)
/sh/ 8.3 (2.00) 43.8 (3.12) 46.9 (3.16) /sh/ 46.9 (3.02) 49.0 (3.15)
/s*/ 46.9 (3.24) 53.1 (3.18) /s*/ 40.6 (2.67) 58.3 (3.14)
Advanced L2 Response L1 Korean Response
Target /ʨ/ /ʨʰ/ /ʨ*/ /sh/ /s*/ Target /ʨ/ /ʨʰ/ /ʨ*/ /sh/ /s*/
/ʨ/ 50.0 (2.85) 39.6 (2.21) 9.4 (2.89) /ʨ/ 69.8 (3.18) 20.8 (2.60) 8.3 (1.62)
/ʨʰ/ 6.3 (2.17) 89.6 (2.99) /ʨʰ/ 8.3 (1.75) 91.7 (3.25)
/ʨ*/ 10.4 (3.00) 84.4 (3.12) /ʨ*/ 96.9 (3.31)
/sh/ 58.3 (3.18) 39.6 (2.97) /sh/ 66.7 (3.34) 32.3 (2.81)
/s*/ 55.2 (3.08) 40.6 (2.69) /s*/ 40.6 (3.10) 58.3 (3.62)
L2, second language; L1, native.