VTCP | Expiratory airflow duration | 2.50±0.91 | 2.49±0.42 | 3.11±0.25 | 2.73±0.75 | 3.02±0.73 | 3.09±0.48 | 2.51±0.96 | 2.63±0.69 | 2.51±0.64 | 0.229 | 0.481 |
Peak expiratory airflow | 4.99±2.20 | 4.12±1.62 | 3.55±1.44 | 4.96±2.62 | 3.56±1.73 | 4.12±1.27 | 4.66±1.93 | 3.53±1.52 | 3.59±1.43 | 0.004* | 0.807 |
Expiratory volume | 2.40±0.65 | 2.31±0.65 | 2.29±0.65 | 2.66±0.79 | 2.32±0.67 | 2.54±0.42 | 2.57±0.63 | 2.39±0.54 | 2.44±0.69 | 1.929 | 0.892 |
MXPH | Maximum sound pressure level | 83.17±3.60 | 87.70±7.71 | 85.17±3.41 | 87.67±5.39 | 84.87±6.15 | 83.27±3.60 | 88.82±6.21 | 87.47±6.60 | 87.61±6.83 | 0.474 | 0.168 |
Minimum sound pressure level | 57.15±12.33 | 58.71±13.95 | 57.61±10.39 | 64.65±5.76 | 61.94±8.02 | 62.93±2.98 | 47.77±14.21 | 60.75±11.20 | 57.71±12.79 | 0.401 | 0.121 |
Mean sound pressure level | 78.56±5.03 | 80.96±6.81 | 80.54±2.75 | 82.05±4.86 | 79.18±4.28 | 78.45±3.23 | 83.20±6.87 | 82.15±6.49 | 81.99±6.89 | 0.668 | 0.381 |
Sound pressure level range | 26.02±14.23 | 28.98±12.81 | 27.55±12.26 | 23.01±7.40 | 22.93±8.87 | 20.34±5.08 | 41.05±14.04 | 26.72±12.76 | 29.90±92.21 | 0.311 | 0.070 |
Mean sound pressure level during voicing | 78.68±4.98 | 81.21±6.66 | 79.36±3.58 | 82.08±4.84 | 79.19±4.29 | 82.65±5.32 | 83.59±6.94 | 82.22±6.53 | 81.95±5.89 | 0.849 | 0.308 |
Mean pitch | 213.12±32.09 | 214.52±24.69 | 199.29±19.20 | 227.41±25.16 | 212.71±30.0 | 214.08±31.47 | 206.31±28.76 | 196.07±30.46 | 198.68±30.64 | 0.164 | 0.729 |
Phonation time | 15.57±5.98 | 14.57±5.37 | 15.05±3.57 | 19.97±5.12 | 20.15±3.48 | 20.16±4.00 | 18.87±5.35 | 16.12±5.94 | 16.47±5.05 | 0.458 | 0.640 |
Peak expiratory airflow | 0.23±0.06 | 0.26±0.10 | 0.22±0.08 | 0.20±0.10 | 0.20±0.09 | 0.19±0.05 | 0.21±0.10 | 0.28±0.18 | 0.24±0.15 | 0.561 | 0.922 |
Mean expiratory airflow | 0.13±0.03 | 0.16±0.05 | 0.13±0.03 | 0.11±0.08 | 0.10±0.04 | 0.10±0.04 | 0.10±0.05 | 0.13±0.07 | 0.13±0.07 | 0.481 | 0.368 |
Expiratory volume | 2.00±0.58 | 2.19±0.62 | 1.89±0.37 | 1.94±0.93 | 1.89±0.63 | 2.05±0.63 | 1.93±0.88 | 1.94±0.78 | 1.99±0.76 | 0.940 | 0.802 |
VOFT | Maximum sound pressure level | 81.47±3.89 | 83.87±4.14 | 82.13±2.78 | 85.08±5.48 | 84.05±5.54 | 85.36±5.56 | 83.11±6.85 | 83.36±5.31 | 84.50±6.12 | 0.748 | 0.715 |
Mean sound pressure level | 79.98±3.62 | 82.18±4.17 | 79.36±3.56 | 82.85±5.54 | 81.19±6.91 | 82.65±5.32 | 80.99±6.57 | 80.40±5.17 | 81.95±5.88 | 0.998 | 0.465 |
Mean sound pressure level during voicing | 79.98±3.62 | 82.18±4.17 | 79.36±3.56 | 82.85±5.54 | 81.20±6.90 | 82.65±5.32 | 81.26±6.57 | 80.42±5.17 | 81.95±5.89 | 0.998 | 0.466 |
Mean pitch | 225.61±23.78 | 213.88±19.93 | 199.29±19.20 | 232.94±25.36 | 216.54±34.58 | 214.08±31.47 | 210.09±28.26 | 188.88±33.43 | 198.18±30.64 | <0.000** | 0.223 |
Pitch range | 10.04±8.19 | 10.87±7.09 | 11.78±6.33 | 10.00±4.65 | 13.98±10.84 | 15.93±10.33 | 26.96±35.74 | 21.83±25.59 | 19.24±24.69 | 1.00 | 0.846 |
Expiratory airflow duration | 0.78±0.26 | 0.92±0.25 | 1.11±0.18 | 0.79±0.27 | 0.72±0.26 | 1.11±0.31 | 0.75±0.25 | 0.80±0.27 | 0.88±0.29 | 0.001** | 0.262 |
Peak air pressure | 7.76±2.68 | 7.47±2.11 | 7.63±1.89 | 7.85±2.01 | 8.67±1.77 | 8.73±1.91 | 8.09±3.73 | 9.44±3.97 | 9.20±3.39 | 0.476 | 0.821 |
Mean peak air pressure | 7.11±2.49 | 6.54±2.03 | 6.48±1.87 | 7.18±1.72 | 7.66±1.59 | 7.78±2.08 | 7.03±3.29 | 8.38±3.61 | 7.99±3.16 | 0.690 | 0.542 |
Peak expiratory airflow | 0.14±0.08 | 0.18±0.03 | 0.18±0.05 | 0.20±0.10 | 0.16±0.08 | 0.18±0.09 | 0.18±0.12 | 0.22±0.15 | 0.19±0.11 | 0.766 | 0.227 |
Target airflow | 0.13±0.07 | 0.15±0.30 | 0.15±0.05 | 0.15±0.07 | 0.10±0.05 | 0.13±0.08 | 0.14±0.09 | 0.16±0.12 | 0.14±0.08 | 0.971 | 0.245 |
Expiratory volume | 0.09±0.03 | 0.14±0.05 | 0.17±0.07 | 0.12±0.08 | 0.07±0.33 | 0.15±0.10 | 0.10±0.07 | 0.13±0.11 | 0.12±0.06 | 0.018* | 0.024* |
Mean airflow during voicing | 0.12±0.07 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.14±0.05 | 0.15±0.07 | 0.10±0.05 | 0.13±0.09 | 0.13±0.09 | 0.15±0.12 | 0.14±0.08 | 0.953 | 0.287 |
Aerodynamic power | 0.09±0.07 | 0.10±0.04 | 0.10±0.05 | 0.10±0.61 | 0.07±0.03 | 0.11±0.09 | 0.09±0.07 | 0.14±0.12 | 0.11±0.07 | 0.823 | 0.298 |
Aerodynamic resistance | 78.49±68.58 | 42.64±15.86 | 43.97±8.89 | 75.89±95.50 | 94.13±64.79 | 74.39±45.97 | 74.02±50.97 | 86.15±78.74 | 73.21±59.21 | 0.553 | 0.471 |
Acoustic ohms | 80.04±69.94 | 43.49±16.17 | 44.84±9.07 | 77.39±97.40 | 95.99±66.07 | 75.87±46.88 | 74.47±51.88 | 87.85±80.30 | 74.60±60.38 | 0.553 | 0.471 |
Aerodynamic efficiency | 315.75±295.52 | 404.59±450.10 | 985.53±164.40 | 1,298.19±2,817.61 | 820.90±1,255.90 | 788.67±114.81 | 768.43±1,275.80 | 358.40±432.27 | 442.54±440.53 | 0.287 | 0.781 |