표 1. | Table 1. 분석에 이용된 음향변수 | Acoustic parameters used in analysis

측정대상 (변수 유형) 음향변수
Sustained vowel (resonance) B1 (1st formant’s bandwidth)
B2 (2nd formant’s bandwidth)
B3 (3rd formant’s bandwidth)
f1_dB (1st formant’s energy)
f2_dB (2nd formant’s energy)
f3_dB (3rd formant’s energy)
Sustained vowel (perturbation) HNR (harmonics to noise ratio)
NHR (noise to harmonic ratio)
jit_local (jitter local)
shim_local (shimmer local)
Sustained vowel & connected speech (prosody) f0 (fundamental frequency)
Q-tone (quarter tone)
intensity (dBSPL)
sd_int (standard deviation of intensity)
Sustained vowel connected speech (spectral & cepstral parameters) Cepstrum CPP (cepstral peak prominence)
CPPs (smoothed CPP)
RNR (rhamonics to noise ratio)
Spectrum skewness
COG (center of gravity)
LH-ratio (low to high ratio)
slope_ltas
tilt (=spectral slope)
offset (=intercept)
lowE (low energy, 0−4,000 Hz)
highE (high energy, 4,000−8,000 Hz)
entireE (entire energy, 0−8,000 Hz)