표 3. | Table 3. 음성장애 여성과 정상음성 여성의 가성구 ST_RANGE | ST_RANGE of falsetto in dysphonic and non-dysphonic women

Study (year)	# of D/N-D (age)		D	N-D
			M (SD)	M (SD)
Current (2022)	53/53	(20–65)	25.19 (8.19)	33.62 (4.65)
Gumming & Åkerlund (1988)	29/17	(21–81)	25.3	29.9
Li & Yiu (2006)	15/15	(21–45)	24	27
Ma et al. (2007)	90/35	(20–53)	32.36 (6.39)	40.89 (15.69)
Wuyts et al. (2000)	205/43	(18–80)	22 (8)	32 (5)
Andersen et al. (2021)	-/39	(18–39)	-	34.7 (3.9)
Hollien et al. (1971)	-/326	(18–75)	-	37 (5.30)
Linville (1987)	-/24	(25–35)	-	33.13 (3.43)
	-/20	(45–55)	-	34.00 (3.22)
	-/23	(70–80)	-	28.96 (4.13)
Ptacek et al. (1966)	-/31	(–40)	-	32.8 (4.4)
	-/35	(65–)	-	25.1 (7.9)

D, dysphonic; N-D, non-dysphonic; ST_RANGE, semitone range; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.