Table 1. Lexical stimuli

Vowel	Easy words					Hard words
	O	Word	C	Freq.	Dens.	O	Word	C	Freq.	Dens.
/i/	△	Peace	△	70	2	▲	Bead	▲	1	4
	△	Teeth	△	48	1	•	Weed	▲	11	6
/ɪ/	▲	Give	▲	1168	2	△	Hick	△	2	6
	△	Ship	△	99	3	△	Kin	•	4	7
	△	Thing	•	1089	3	△	Kit	△	17	2
/æ/	▲	Gas	△	68	5	△	Hack	△	8	3
	▲	Jack	△	252	3	△	Hash	△	3	5
	△	Path	△	25	2	△	Pat	△	18	8
/ɑ/	▲	Job	▲	413	4	△	Cod	▲	2	6
	△	Shop	△	54	2	△	Cot	△	2	4
	•	Wash	△	41	5	•	Knob	▲	2	1
	•	Watch	△	330	1	•	Wad	▲	2	4
/o/	▲	Both	△	295	2	▲	Goat	△	10	4
	▲	Vote	△	34	1	•	Moat	△	1	3
/u/	△	Food	▲	154	2	△	Hoop	△	3	7
Mean				276	2.53				5.73	4.67

The vowel’s neighboring consonants (O=the onset, C=the coda) are categorized as a combination of voicing and manner of articulation (▲=voiced obstruent, △=voiceless obstruent, •=sonorants). Also provided are the words’ frequency (occurrence per 1 million words) and neighborhood density values (values obtained from Vaden, Halpin & Hickok, 2009).