Table 11. Survey results on linguistic elements of accuracy in evaluating English proficiency

Items S T Total
1. When English consonants or vowels are replaced with Korean segments (i.e., negative transfer occurs). 5 3 8
2. When consonants or vowels are uttered incorrectly but there is no problem understanding the meaning (substitution, insertion, deletion, etc.). 4 4 8
3. When consonants or vowels are uttered incorrectly to the extent that it interferes with understanding the meaning. 5 5 10
4. When consonants or vowels are lengthened. 3 1 4
5. When grammatical errors such as subject-verb agreement occur (e.g., singular/plural disagreement). 1 0 1
6. When a word itself is omitted or uttered out of context. 1 3 4
S, graduate student group; T, teacher group.