Appendix 7. Results of post-hoc analyses for comparing NK and SK in F2

Contrast	Speech Condition	Vowel	Estimate	SE	df	z ratio	p-value
SK - NK	Reading	[a]	–123.6725	64.8402	Inf	–1.9073	0.0565
		[æ]	138.1850	82.3095	Inf	1.6788	0.0932
		[e]	150.1860	85.0600	Inf	1.7656	0.0775
		[i]	42.3263	87.7279	Inf	0.4825	0.6295
		[o]	–89.0923	67.3326	Inf	–1.3232	0.1858
		[u]	–42.4769	70.6114	Inf	–0.6016	0.5475
		[ɯ]	1.8701	68.2797	Inf	0.0274	0.9781
		[ʌ]	–91.8846	67.5634	Inf	–1.3600	0.1738
	Conversation	[a]	–91.6841	43.2317	Inf	–2.1208	0.0339
		[æ]	–22.9897	68.5045	Inf	–0.3356	0.7372
		[e]	33.7370	77.0885	Inf	0.4376	0.6616
		[i]	–1.6677	79.9017	Inf	–0.0209	0.9833
		[o]	–45.8589	46.3282	Inf	–0.9899	0.3222
		[u]	–31.9476	53.5113	Inf	–0.5970	0.5505
		[ɯ]	–27.8129	48.6539	Inf	–0.5716	0.5676
		[ʌ]	–146.4907	49.1053	Inf	–2.9832	0.0029

SK, South Korean; NK, North Korean.