Table 1. Main effects of acoustic cues on Korean and French listeners’ perception of body dimensions, with a summary of key results

Acoustic cue	Body dimension	Korean listeners	French listeners	Interpretation
F1	H	O	O	Higher F1 → shorter (steeper slope for KR males; FR females deviate positively)
	B	O	O	Higher F1 → thinner (steeper slope for males)
F2	H	O	X	Higher F2 → shorter (steeper slope for males)
	B	X	O	Higher F2 → thinner (for FR listeners)
F3	H	X	X	No effect
	B	O	X	Higher F3 → thinner (for KR listeners)
F4	H	O	X	Higher F4 → shorter (for KR listeners; steeper slope for KR)
	B	O	O	Higher F4 → thinner (negative slope for KR; FR males deviate with positive slope in FR listeners)
Formant dispersion	H	X	X	No effect
	B	X	X	No effect
f0	H	O	O	Lower f0 → taller across groups
	B	O	O	Lower f0 → heavier (For FR males, the slope is positive in KR listeners, and negative but shallower in FR listeners)
H1*-H2*	H	X	X	No effect
	B	X	X	No effect
HNR05	H	X	X	Higher HNR05 → shorter (KR females show positive slope)
	B	X	O	Higher HNR05 → thinner (for FR listeners; KR females deviate positively)
CPP	H	X	X	Higher CPP → shorter in males, taller in females (for KR listeners)
	B	X	O	Higher CPP → thinner (for FR listeners; KR females deviate positively)

H, height; B, body build; O, significant; X, not significant; FR: French; KR, Korean