Table 1. Example stimuli used for Korean-only (L1), code-switched, and English-only (L2) conditions

Target Word 1) Korean-only (L1) Sentence Stimuli (witd English glosses)2) Code-switched (Korean–English) Sentence Stimuli
타작 /tʰadʑak/ 1) 타작이 끝나면 마당에는 낟알이 가득했습니다 (After the threshing was finished, the yard was filled with grain).2) The word 타작 means a method of hitting grains to take out the seeds.
끼니 /k*ini/ 1) 끼니를 챙기지 못할 만큼 바쁜 하루였습니다 (It was a day so busy that there was hardly time to stop for a meal).2) The word 끼니 means a full meal like breakfast, lunch, or dinner.
부채 /putɕʰɛ/ 1) 부채는 더운 여름날 꼭 필요한 전통 소품입니다 (The hand fan is a traditional accessory that is indispensable during hot summer weather).2) The word 부채 means a hand fan used in art shows or to stay cool.
3) English-only (L2) Sentence Stimuli
Cop /kɑp/ She went to ask the cop.
deep /dip/ The water was calm and deep.
boot /but/ He washed his dirty boot.