표 3. | Table 3. 음향학적, 공기역학적 및 청지각적 지표의 사전–사후 비교 | Pre–Post comparisons of acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual measures

Measurement Set	Variable	n	Pre median (IQR)	Post median (IQR)	Delta median	p-value	r
PAS	AP	8	0.098 (0.064–0.157)	0.121 (0.083–0.178)	0.025	.036	0.74
PAS	PAP	8	6.87 (5.03–7.86)	7.77 (5.75–8.45)	0.895	.035	0.74
PAS	EAD	8	0.90 (0.74–1.01)	1.07 (0.85–1.43)	0.205	.050	0.69
PAS	PEA	8	0.222 (0.177–0.325)	0.284 (0.194–0.353)	0.032	.042	0.72
PAS	PT	8	18.74 (13.85–26.26)	16.23 (13.65–21.10)	0.890	.069	0.64
PAS	MPAP	8	6.33 (4.51–7.24)	6.80 (4.93–8.03)	0.675	.090	0.60
PAS	MADV	8	0.169 (0.135–0.246)	0.185 (0.165–0.251)	0.0085	.141	0.52
PAS	AE	8	97.515 (93.875–137.468)	142.075 (99.223–235.173)	60.005	.161	0.50
PAS	MSDV	8	80.015 (76.943–83.313)	81.240 (77.658–81.923)	1.235	.263	0.40
PAS	EV	8	2.925 (2.343–4.003)	2.645 (2.093–3.383)	–0.110	.310	0.36
PAS	MEA	8	0.146 (0.126–0.219)	0.139 (0.123–0.212)	–0.0015	.612	0.18
PAS	AR	8	29.21 (20.93–48.82)	32.06 (19.36–44.80)	–1.245	.779	0.10
MDVP	F0	8	136.99 (109.81–186.84)	135.12 (108.04–184.11)	4.357	.401	0.30
MDVP	Jitter (%)	8	0.551 (0.387–2.114)	0.376 (0.253–0.604)	–0.2745	.017	0.84
MDVP	Shimmer (%)	8	2.036 (1.884–3.637)	2.107 (1.790–2.955)	–0.1665	.484	0.25
MDVP	NHR	8	0.133 (0.123–0.145)	0.131 (0.123–0.138)	0.0010	.779	0.10
RTP	F0	8	136.99 (109.81–186.84)	135.12 (108.04–184.11)	–3.315	.123	0.54
ADSV	CPP (dB)	8	13.35 (12.07–15.11)	14.01 (13.20–14.68)	1.3535	.575	0.20
ADSV	L/H ratio	8	31.88 (30.30–35.40)	31.56 (27.94–36.05)	0.2350	1.000	0.00

Values are reported as median (interquartile range). Delta = Post − Pre. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed). Effect size is rank-biserial correlation (r).
RTP, real-time pitch; MDVP, Multi-Dimensional Voice Program; ADSV, Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice; PAS, Phonatory Aerodynamic System; GRBAS, grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain; AP, aerodynamic power; PAP, peak air pressure; EAD, expiratory airflow duration; PEA, peak expiratory airflow; PT, phonation time; MPAP, mean peak air pressure; MADV, mean airflow during voicing; AE, aerodynamic efficiency; MSDV, mean SPL during voicing; EV, expiratory volume; MEA, mean expiratory airflow; AR, airway resistance; CPP, cepstral peak prominence; L/H ratio, low-to-high spectral ratio; NHR, noise-to-harmonics ratio.