Table 1. Oral reading fluency (ORF) scoring rubric

Criterion	A	B	C	D	E
Segmental accuracy	Pronounces almost all phonemes accurately and self-corrects when errors occur.	Pronounces most phonemes accurately, though occasional errors appear.	Pronounces most phonemes accurately, but some recurring pronunciation errors are present.	Frequently makes errors and omissions when pronouncing phonemes.	Very frequently makes errors and omissions when pronouncing phonemes.
Prosody	Reads primarily in larger meaning units, using appropriate stress, rhythm, and intonation.	Reads mostly in meaning units, but sometimes the grouping is inappropriate; occasionally shows inappropriate stress, rhythm, and intonation.	Reads mainly in two-word phrases or with awkward phrasing; some recurring instances of inappropriate stress, rhythm, and intonation.	Reads mainly word by word, rarely in two-word units; shows little use of appropriate stress, rhythm, and intonation.	Reads mostly word by word, with little to no evidence of appropriate stress, rhythm, or intonation.