Table 5. Fixed effects for the Korean learner model (Experiment 2)

Term	β	SE	z-value	p-value	95% CI
(Intercept)	0.860	0.652	1.32	.188	[–0.419, 2.138]
Spectral step	0.527	0.161	3.27	.001	[0.211, 0.844]
Duration step	0.923	0.126	7.33	<.001	[0.676, 1.170]
Accent=Korean	–0.328	0.238	–1.38	.167	[–0.794, 0.138]
Talker 2	0.883	0.143	6.16	<.001	[0.602, 1.163]
Talker 3	–1.713	0.151	–11.38	<.001	[–2.008, –1.418]
Talker 4	1.029	0.144	7.13	<.001	[0.746, 1.312]
List	–0.419	0.429	–0.98	.329	[–1.259, 0.422]
Spectral step×Duration step	0.033	0.017	1.98	.048	[0.000, 0.066]
Spectral step×Accent=Korean	0.060	0.086	0.70	.484	[–0.108, 0.228]
Duration step×Accent=Korean	–0.015	0.065	–0.23	.821	[–0.143, 0.113]
Spectral step×Duration step×Accent=Korean	–0.032	0.033	–0.97	.333	[–0.098, 0.033]

Talker was sum-coded with Talker 1 as the reference level.